Anechoic Chambers are a really weird thing. They're basically a place where as a person you can't hear a thing. They have noise values of -dB (which took me a bit to get my head round but it's like -centigrade it is actually a "positive" number it's just below our scale) so are totally silent to humans, which can apparently drive people completely insane and they start hallucinating. They're also fairly radioactive, basically you don't wanna be in one.
In terms of scientific use they're mostly used for measurements of waves. They don't let any waves out, not just sound waves. It's due to the lack of interference which I can imagine is useful for scientific accuracy. Apparently also useful for testing stuff like antennae or radar, which makes sense too. They come in many shapes and sizes (tiny box to aircraft hanger) and are also meant to be a fire hazard. When it comes to using an anechoic chamber equipment is usually made of wood or plastic and not metal so as to reduce reflection.
In summary an anechoic chamber is a room in which sound is completely absorbed instead of reflected, they come in many sizes and are a huge fire hazard. It's not a place you want to put people but they're great for scientific experiments regarding waves due to the lack of interference.
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